{"id":6373,"date":"2021-07-01T06:16:06","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T06:16:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.adfaber.org\/?p=825"},"modified":"2023-06-23T11:09:34","modified_gmt":"2023-06-23T11:09:34","slug":"2-femei-care-au-schimbat-lumea-tehnologiei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adfaber.org\/en\/2-femei-care-au-schimbat-lumea-tehnologiei\/","title":{"rendered":"2 femei care au schimbat lumea tehnologiei"},"content":{"rendered":"

A fi femeie \u00een tehnologie \u00eenseamn\u0103 a sparge bariere cu scopul de crea un drum mai u\u0219or pentru cele ce vor s\u0103 profeseze \u00een domeniu. <\/em>Aceast\u0103 propozi\u021bie reprezint\u0103 o parte din lupta pe care multe femei o duc zi de zi la locul de munc\u0103, iar c\u00e2\u0219tigul este c\u00e2teodat\u0103 ob\u021binut prin inova\u021bii care schimb\u0103 lumea. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen acest articol \u00ee\u021bi vom prezenta o parte din femeile care au spart stereotipuri \u0219i au f\u0103cut ca tehnologia s\u0103 progreseze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grace Brewster Murray Hopper, femeia dup\u0103 care s-a numit o nav\u0103 de r\u0103zboi<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u00centre 1920 \u0219i 1930 un num\u0103r mare de femei erau doctorande \u00een numeroase domenii. Al II-lea R\u0103zboi Mondial a creat oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru femeile care \u00ee\u0219i doreau s\u0103 intre \u00een pia\u021ba muncii, \u00een special \u00een domenii preferate p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci de b\u0103rba\u021bi. Grace Brewster Murray Hopper a bifat \u00eens\u0103 dou\u0103 cariere considerate pentru b\u0103rba\u021bi<\/em> – cea de informatician \u0219i cea de contraamiral.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dup\u0103 ce Pearl Harbor a fost bombardat \u0219i Statele Unite au intrat \u00een Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, Hopper a \u00eencercat s\u0103 se al\u0103ture r\u0103zboiului. Ini\u021bial a fost respins\u0103, apoi s-a al\u0103turat rezervelor navale pentru femei \u0219i a fost repartizat\u0103 la Bureau of Ships Computation Project <\/em>la Universitatea Harvard. Acolo a lucrat pentru Howard Aiken, un pionier \u00een domeniul calculatoarelor, care a dezvoltat calculatorul automat IBM Sequence Controlled, cunoscut sub numele de Mark I. Hopper a fost responsabil\u0103 de programarea calculatorului Mark I \u0219i a scris \u0219i un manual de utilizare pentru acesta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eforturile ei pentru dezvoltarea tehnologiei au continuat, iar acum distrug\u0103torul american de rachete ghidate, USS Hopper \u00eei poart\u0103 numele, la fel ca \u0219i computerul Cray XE6 Hopper. Grace Brewster Murray Hopper a primit 40 de diplome onorifice de la universit\u0103\u021bi din \u00eentreaga lume, \u00een 1991, a primit Medalia Na\u021bional\u0103 pentru Tehnologie \u0219i Inova\u021bie a Americii, iar \u00een 2016, Obama i-a \u00eenm\u00e2nat Medalia Preziden\u021bial\u0103 a Libert\u0103\u021bii. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hedy Lamarr, frumoasa actri\u021b\u0103 care a inventat tehnologia pentru Wi-Fi <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Actri\u021b\u0103 \u0219i inventator austro-american, Hedy Lamarr a creat tehnologia care st\u0103 la baza sistemelor de comunica\u021bii Wi-Fi, GPS \u0219i Bluetooth de ast\u0103zi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S-a n\u0103scut pe 9 noiembrie 1914, \u00eentr-o familie evreiasc\u0103. Fiind singur\u0103 la p\u0103rin\u021bi, Hedy Lamarr s-a bucurat de toat\u0103 aten\u021bia tat\u0103lui ei. El a \u00eencurajat-o s\u0103 priveasc\u0103 lumea cu mintea deschis\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 descopere mereu ceva nou. Printre subiectele lor principale de discu\u021bii se num\u0103ra modul de func\u021bionare a diferitelor ma\u0219ini, de la cele de tipografie p\u00e2n\u0103 la automobile. La doar 5 ani, Hedy Lamarr dezmembra \u0219i remonta cutia sa muzical\u0103 ca s\u0103 \u00eei \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 modul de func\u021bionare. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen timp ce tat\u0103l ei \u00eei prezenta ma\u0219in\u0103rii, mama sa, pianist\u0103, \u00eei f\u0103cea cuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103 cu arta, cu lec\u021bii de balet \u0219i de pian. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La 16 ani, frumuse\u021bea lui Hedy Lamarr a fost descoperit\u0103 de regizorul Max Reinhardt, iar acela a fost \u0219i momentul \u00een care mintea ei genial\u0103 a devenit ignorat\u0103 de cei din jur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ani mai t\u00e2rziu, s-a \u00eendr\u0103gostit de Hughes, un om care a \u00eencurajat-o s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i urmeze vechea pasiune – modul de func\u021bionare al ma\u0219in\u0103riilor. Hughes i-a oferit un set de echipamente cu ajutorul c\u0103ruia putea s\u0103 lucreze la mici inven\u021bii, i-a prezentat cum sunt construite avioanele \u0219i oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 care au lucrat la dezvoltarea lor. Cu scopul de a crea avioane mai rapide, Lamarr a studiat p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i pe\u0219ti<\/a> \u0219i a schi\u021bat un nou model de arip\u0103 pentru avioane. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen 1940, Lamarr l-a cunoscut pe George Antheil, cunoscut pentru originalitate. Preocupa\u021bi de amploarea r\u0103zboiului, cei doi au inventat un nou sistem de comunicare cu scopul de a \u00eendruma torpilele c\u0103tre \u021bintele lori. Sistemul a implicat utilizarea saltului de frecven\u021b\u0103<\/em>, metod\u0103 ce \u00eempiedica interceptarea undelor radio, permi\u021b\u00e2nd astfel torpilei s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 \u021binta. Dup\u0103 ce au creat acest nou sistem, Lamarr \u0219i Antheil au c\u0103utat sprijin militar, dar au fost refuza\u021bi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u0219i a murit \u00een 2000, \u00een 2014 i-au fost recunoscute meritele pentru inven\u021bia sa. Acum Hedy Lamarr este considerat\u0103 mama comunica\u021biilor f\u0103r\u0103 fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fetele care transform\u0103 lumea \u00eentr-un loc mai bun cu ajutorul tehnologiei <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dac\u0103 Lamarr \u0219i Hopper se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cele ce au transformat lumea tehnologiei \u00een trecut, suntem m\u00e2ndri s\u0103 spunem c\u0103 \u00een prezent, al\u0103turi de nume sonore de femei din industria tech, stau \u0219i fetele de la Technovation<\/a> – elevele care creaz\u0103 aplica\u021bii pentru a ajuta societatea.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A fi femeie \u00een tehnologie \u00eenseamn\u0103 a sparge bariere cu scopul de crea un drum mai u\u0219or pentru cele ce vor s\u0103 profeseze \u00een domeniu. Aceast\u0103 propozi\u021bie reprezint\u0103 o parte din lupta pe care multe femei o duc zi de zi la locul de munc\u0103, iar c\u00e2\u0219tigul este c\u00e2teodat\u0103 ob\u021binut prin inova\u021bii care schimb\u0103 lumea.  […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6059,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articole","category-lumea-tehnologiei"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/adfaber.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/adfaber.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/adfaber.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adfaber.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adfaber.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6373"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/adfaber.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6373\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adfaber.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/adfaber.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adfaber.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adfaber.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}